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Notation conversions

Roman numerals, data storage prefixes, fuel economy measures and angle units: conversions where the notation itself is the hard part.

Some conversions are easy arithmetic hidden behind a notation that trips people up. A terabyte drive shows as 931 GB because the maker counts in powers of ten and the computer in powers of two, and the IEC names the second family kibi, mebi and gibi to tell them apart. Fuel economy runs in opposite directions: miles per gallon counts distance per fuel and litres per 100 km counts fuel per distance, so the same gain in one is not the same saving in the other. Roman numerals have strict rules that most converters ignore, accepting IIII or IC as if they were valid. And an angle of 30 degrees is exactly π/6 radians, which a decimal hides. Each page here does the conversion exactly and explains the notation behind it.